@article {4, title = {Comprehensive Methods for Leaf Geometric Morphometric Analyses}, journal = {Bio-protocol}, volume = {7}, year = {2017}, pages = {e2269}, chapter = {e2269}, abstract = {

Leaf morphometrics are used frequently by several disciplines, including taxonomists, systematists, developmental biologists, morphologists, agronomists, and plant breeders to name just a few. Leaf shape is highly variable and can be used for identifying species or genotypes, developmental patterning within and among individuals, assessing plant health, and measuring environmental impacts on plant phenotype. Traditional leaf morphometrics requires hand tools and access to specimens, but modern efforts to digitize botanical collections make digital morphometrics a readily accessible and scientifically rigorous option. Here we provide detailed instructions for performing some of the most informative digital geometric morphometric analyses available: generalized Procrustes analysis, elliptical Fourier analysis, and shape features. This comprehensive procedure for leaf shape analysis is comprised of six main sections: A) scanning of material, B) acquiring landmarks, C) analysis of landmark data, D) isolating leaf outlines, E) analysis of leaf outlines, and F) shape features. This protocol provides a detailed reference for applying landmark and outline analysis to leaf shape as well as describing leaf shape features, thus empowering researchers to perform high throughput phenotyping for diverse applications.

}, doi = {10.21769/BioProtoc.2269}, url = {https://bio-protocol.org/e2269}, author = {Svoboda, Harlan T. and Klein, Laura L.} } @article {3, title = {Phenetic and cladistic studies help clarify species assemblages in Passiflora section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae)}, journal = {Brittonia}, volume = {70}, year = {2018}, pages = {15-24}, chapter = {15}, abstract = {

One of the most enigmatic and unusual groups in the passionflower genus, Passiflora section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae), stands out as a group that is notoriously taxonomically complicated. Phenetic and cladistic analyses of Dysosmia were carried out with representatives from all 21 species currently recognized in the section, in order to delineate morphological groups above the species level. The study was based mainly on vegetative morphological characters and included principal coordinates, non-metric multidimensional scaling, cluster, and cladistic analyses. Results from each analysis reveals that three major species assemblages exist within Dysosmia, corresponding largely to vegetative pubescence and fruit color. The results presented here set the stage for future systematic and phylogenetic studies in Passiflora sect. Dysosmia.

}, doi = {10.1007/s12228-017-9495-z}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs12228-017-9495-z}, author = {Svoboda, Harlan T. and Ballard, Harvey E.} } @article {2, title = {Typifications and nomenclatural notes in Passiflora section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae)}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {288}, year = {2016}, pages = {101-119}, chapter = {101}, abstract = {

Names within Passiflora section Dysosmia (Passifloraceae) were evaluated for proper typification and nomenclatural clarity. Because several names lacked type material, 13 lectotypes, two neotypes, and four epitypes are here designated to maintain nomenclatural stability. Many more names suffered from other nomenclatural discrepancies and thus four orthographic errors, six author citations, and 12 type designations are here corrected to comply with the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). Seven names in Dysosmia are treated as ambiguous and 12 names are identified as either invalid or illegitimate.

}, doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.1}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/article/view/phytotaxa.288.2.1}, author = {Svoboda, Harlan T. and MacDougal, John M. and Ballard, Harvey E.} } @article {1, title = {Contributions toward understanding the biodiversity of Passiflora in North America: Updates and a new combination from the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico and vicinity}, journal = {Journal of Systematics and Evolution}, volume = {56}, year = {2018}, pages = {550-561}, chapter = {550}, abstract = {

The Baja California Peninsula and surrounding landmasses harbor an abundant flora in an otherwise harsh and arid environment. Of the many plant groups native to this peninsular and insular region, passionflowers (Passiflora, Passifloraceae) are represented by several conspicuous taxa that all belong to a single lineage, section Dysosmia. Basic questions remain regarding this group, particularly the taxonomic status among the Passiflora arida complex. Therefore, we investigated the claims of endemism, habitat characteristics, and taxon boundaries with in section Dysosmia in the Baja California region using extensive sampling of herbarium specimens and iNaturalist observations. We confirmed that only one of the native Passiflora taxa (P. fruticosa) was endemic to the Baja California Peninsula, with an additional taxon (P. palmeri) considered near-endemic. Environmental data revealed significant distinctions between the habitats of many of the native taxa as well as within the P. arida complex, especially with respect to precipitation and temperature tolerances. Geometric morphometric analyses of leaf shape were largely not successful at separating taxa, indicating leaf shape may not be a good indicator of taxon identity in this particular group. Based on ecological differences and discrete macro- and micromorphological features, a varietal name is here synonymized and a new combination is proposed: Passiflora pentaschista.

}, doi = {10.1111/jse.12434 }, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jse.12434}, author = {Svoboda, Harlan T. and Harris, AJ} }